Research Paper on Stereotypes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Stereotypes - Research Paper ExampleOne understanding of stereotypes is that they emerge to exploit differences between competing groups. Stereotyping downplays similar characteristics and magnifies differences. One sees this occur among African-Americans, whose identity element clearly goes more in-depth than racial background, as they are more American than African. However, American society consistently splits itself on lines of black vs. white. another(prenominal) theory of stereotypes relies on psychological research and claims that for human universes it is too difficult to process all the nuances of individuality so stereotypes function to help cognitively organize groups of state. By designate characteristics to large groups, it aids humans in simplifying, organizing, and predicting the society they function. As a result, at that place is decreased need to process new information that would distinguish people by individual traits. Sociologist Charles Hurst believes th at, stereotypes (are) the lack of personal, concrete familiarity that individuals have with persons in other racial or ethnic groups. (Hurst 6). In these regards, its clear that lack of familiarity encourages the lumping unneurotic of unknown individuals. Whatever the theory, its clear that stereotypes present a problem for society as they inhibit integration and function in large bump to maintain a social caste system where upward mobility faces resistance. One can just view the cases of the maquilos workers on the Mexico Florida border and the gender stereotypes they endured when attempting to receive beautiful and equitable wages and positions. Stereotypes are in direct opposition to our right as human beings to the pursuit of happiness and personal betterment. While stereotypes exist for a variety of reasons, its clear that there are a number of stereotypes that have emerged that are regularly believed by large groups of the general public. One of the study areas of stereot yping occurs in the area of gender. In these regards, men are presented as needing to be concerned with sports and manly pursuits. Oftentimes, there are stereotypes presented of woman, such as blondes as being outgoing and fun loving, while girls who read having a prudish edge. One comes to witness a great degree of gender stereotypes in phrases such as you should never hit a girl. As within such statements there is the belief that men should be weak and men physically strong. Another area of stereotyping occurs in terms of race. Race constitutes one of the major areas where stereotyping occurs. For instance, Mexicans are depicted as lazy, while Asians are depicted as being careful and career driven. Still more stereotyping occurs in regards to religion. If one speaks to individuals very familiar with sects of Christianity, for instance, they will oftentimes report that Baptists have different attitudes than Catholics or Lutherans. In addition, there are a wide variety of stereotyp es regarding practitioners of Judaism, with these individuals being thought of as thrifty or intellectual. Finally, stereotyping to a fault occurs in regards to peoples sexual preferences. In regards to sexual preference, gay individuals are oftentimes depicted as speaking with a lisp or doing fantastical or fabulous things. They are also believed to wear specific types

Fertility Pattern and Economic Struggle Research Paper

Fertility Pattern and Economic Struggle - Research Paper ExampleFeminism is a very important concept that must be thrown light upon when gender conflict is being talked about. Feminist aims at providing women to a greater extent power and more rights than ever seen before. There argon several feminists fighting for the rights of women all across the globe. Respect is excessively an early(a) important factor for which the feminists are consistently fighting. gender conflict has made us understand how people enjoy preferential treatment and how the inferior strive for parity in the society. Race conflict is also quite similar to gender conflict, some people consider that their race is superior and others are inferior to them, this is certainly beyond the pale. Having a level compete field in the society is essential to facilitate growth an ideal society always provides a level playing field. Rae Lesser Blumberg developed a theory emphasizing womens degree of go out of the means of production and the distribution of frugal surplus. (Blumberg) Blumbergs aimed at explaining the position of women relative to men in almost all types of societies. These societies included the earliest societies to the late twentieth century. This theory discussed some really important aspects like economic power of women, importance of women in the society, economic power of women in the society, sexual stratification so on and so forth. Sexual stratification, Blumberg argues, is ultimately driven by the degree to which, relative to men, women control the means of production and the allocation of productive surplus or, in Marxian terms, surplus value. Such control gives womeneconomic powerthat, in turn, influences their level of political power, prestige, and other stratifying resources. In Blumbergs view, sexual inequalities are nested at diverse levels Male-female relations are nested in households households are nested in local communities and if a society is sufficiently large to reveal a coercive state and a system of class stratification, household and community are nested inside of the class structure that, in turn, is lodged within a larger state-managed society. This nesting is important because womens control of economic resources can be located at different levels, and the level at which their economic power is strongest influences the power that women can command at the other levels of social organization. (Feminist Conflict Theory) Macro level control and micro level control are some important aspects which must be paid attention to. A muliebrity is ought to enjoy power in a household if she contributes immensely to the income of a household, she will have a say in micro aspects of the household as well if she can contribute towards work and family income. Similarly a woman who is not able to earn and contribute towards the household income will not enjoy as much freedom and control as a woman who can earn and support her family. Financial fre edom is extremely important for a woman to be considered coercive enough only a powerful woman can make decisions and can stand against oppression. Economic power at a macro level facilitates women in getting political as well as coercive power in the society. The economic power of women is consistently on the rise this is the time of transition. This period of transition is perceived as a major threat by men.

What Causes Cancer Mutations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What Causes Cancer Mutations - Essay ExampleAs genes argon the basic control machine of the cellphones, alteration of any kind may bring waste consequences, or malignancy. When compared with the prescript cells, where damage of any kind is taken care by the liven up system, neoplasm cells do not have any repair mechanism for the damaged DNA and there is a constant proliferation of cells without displaying senescence hence, generating a series of abnormal cells, with altered cellular pathways for uncontrolled proliferation, figuring crappercerous tumors (Alberts 2007 Katzang et al. 2009). The Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA, which can be inherited or acquired. Mutation is sudden abrupt changes that occur in the familial material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by non-homogeneous agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays e tc or they could be some chemical agents which are capable of producing changes in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form bond with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their normal structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal well being of the cell and when such a bad cell replicates the cellular modification is also passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carcinogenic agents (cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts 2007 Chemical Carcinogens, Web.). In case of the breast cancer, woman who inherits a single defective copy of either of these tumor curbor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 displays an augmented risk of developing breast cancer. However, carcinogenesis is a complex, multistage process, usually involving more than one genetic change. Other epigenetic factors trusty for carcinogenesis involve epigenetic factors, such as level of hormones in the body, exposure to carcinogens and tumor promoting agents. These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al. 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor suppresser genes A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tu mor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al. 2007 Katzang 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 paramount oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al. 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A corresponding progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and outer appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for designing drugs that can

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 232

Assignment ExampleFor the cable system news ne iirk, I contumacious to watch CNN part I settled on Fox Network for the open news network. After the thirty-minute session, I came up with the following outcomes.The first subject that I noted was that the outperform stories for both networks differed significantly. I decided to pay attention to the top three news stories for both the Fox Network, which is a broadcast network, and for CNN which is a cable network. I noticed that only one composition was similar across the board for the two networks. For CNN, the similar story came third while the same story came first in Fox Network. This was a direct implication that the news stories that are covered by both networks are solely different. It is, however, important to note that ordinary viewers may not note this difference because they could be cruising through different stations oblivious of whether it is a cable or broadcast network.During the session, I also noted that both ne tworks did not give the same weight to similar stories. As already mentioned, one story was broadcasted by both networks. However, Fox made the story their top story while CNN did not accord the same story equal weight. This is an implication that the two networks were not in communication so as to decide on a single pattern of airing the same story. In addition to that, the mellowness of the story was different for both networks. Fox gave a comprehensive analysis of the story while CNN seemed to provide a mere overview.When it came to the amount of airtime given to the top three stories, Fox seemed to offer more airtime to its stories as compared to CNN. That notwithstanding, Fox was more comprehensive in analyzing the content of its stories as compared to CNN which seemed to provide a quick overview of the contents. contempt the difference in the airtime accorded for the stories in both networks, I was unable to notice a significant difference in the slant of presentations of th e stories aired on that day.

Efficts of Conflict and Conflict Resolution on Women and Children Essay

Efficts of Conflict and Conflict Resolution on Women and Children - Essay ExampleWar has been cognize to cause massive losses in terms of both lives and property. Traditionally, it was the role of the men to venture into war since they were meant to be protectors of the social units in which they were found. The contemporary gird conflicts have incorporated the contribution of women and children as part of the war forces used against an enemy. But it should be noted that the contribution of women and children is significantly low as compargond to the exalted numbers of men found in war. Both women and women are in virtually cases left home as the men venture out into war.At the same time the nature of war has changed its course with time from the fight targeting the military functions to that which has increasingly been targeting the civilians- a high percentage of which is made up of the women and the children. The hawkish factions have also intensified attacks directed against their enemies through physically and sexually abusing women and children as a way of punishing their enemies. In this sense then, the women and children have been the victims of versatile war consequences that they find themselves torn in between.The overall and most obvious war consequences are the destruction of both lives and property since apparently death doorbell resulting from war related killings increase. Another common war characteristic is the burning up of property as a way of economically destroying the enemy. There are other war consequences that affect the women and children as well. They include rapes, psychological disturbances, recruit of the children into the military, maiming and disabling, displacement of masses from their homes, transmission of diseases like the sexually transmitted illnesses, and economic faulting among other consequences. Men make the largest number of combatants. It is quite interesting that in times when ease is sought after following a period of war, most of the efforts made by governments and other bodies in the decision making level often address the effects the combatants attempting to ward them off and trying to disarm them in an attempt to restore peace within the war torn areas. The women and children who in turn make the largest number of the victims are often ignored in peace initiatives. The vulnerability associated with these two groups of people often causes their victimization as the following section indicates.Vulnerability of womenThe international committee of the Red Cross identifies vulnerability in women as stemming from various phenomena. As a result of their biological characteristics and attention for special needs, some categories of women may be considered as vulnerable. These categories include expectant mothers, nurse mothers or women with maternity cases. All the above categories of vulnerable women have their needs stemming from their specific health, biological or hygiene needs. This can be considered as a form of vulnerability associated with the women folk specifically because only women have the potential of delving into these situations that make them vulnerable. This is facilitated by their reproductive roles of conceiving and giving birth to children. Otherwise the law doesnt blemish grown up women as a group of vulnerable people unless they are in any of the above mentioned categories. The social-cultural beliefs found in a given community often mark the kind of relationships found among the people found within such cultural settings. Most of the

The Properties, Functions and Properties of Smooth Muscles Assignment - 1

The Properties, Functions and Properties of Smooth Muscles - Assignment ExampleThey play an important role, especially in the arterioles, by constricting or dilating the blood vessel thereby dictatorial the flow of blood. Smooth muscles are also crucial in bigger blood vessels, such as aorta, and enable them to withstand high pressure generated during systole or ventricular contraction. (Clark, 2005, p. 139) These are the muscles under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle is also sometimes referred to as striated muscle but this term should be avoided as cardiac muscle is also a striated muscle and leads to ambiguity. A cell of skeletal muscle is truly long, up to 30cm in length, and has a cylindrical shape. The cross scratch size of these cells is about 10-100 micrometer. It is not surprising that cell of this length has multiple nuclei for support and survival. But these nuclei are not located at the center and or else aligned at the periphery. This is because the contractile com ponents in the cell cytoplasm push these nuclei towards the call border. Skeleton muscles form bulk of a human body and realize various functions. They are essential for locomotion and to perform any movement of the body. Although, skeletal muscles are mostly under voluntary control they also retain part in a reflex arc that does not involve the higher centers and, therefore, is an involuntary process. The contractions produced by skeletal muscles are forceful and quick as compared to the smooth muscle. (Clark, 2005, p. 139) Cardiac muscle is a specialized tissue perfectly adapted to perform its function. It is the only muscle that is found in the heart. A very special property of a cardiac muscle is that is can contract on its own which mean it does not require an external stimulation.

Research Papers in Computer Science Essay Example for Free

Research Papers in Computer Science EssaySince we recently announced our $10001 Binary Battle to promote applications construct on the Mendeley API (now including PLoS as well), I decided to take a look at the data to see what people have to work with. My analysis rivet on our second turgidst discipline, Computer Science. Biological Sciences (my discipline) is the largest, but I started with this one so that I could look at the data with fresh eyes, and also because its got more or less really cool text file to talk about. Heres what I foundWhat I found was a fascinating list of topics, with galore(postnominal) of the expected fundamental written document like Shannons Theory of Information and the Google write up, a toilsome screening from Mapreduce and machine learning, but also some arouse hints that augmented reality may be becoming more of an actual reality soon.The top graph summarizes the overall results of the analysis. This graph shows the Top 10 radicals am ong those who have listed computer science as their discipline and chosen a subdiscipline. The bars ar colored according to subdiscipline and the number of readers is shown on the x-axis. The bar graphs for each paper show the distribution of readership levels among subdisciplines. 17 of the 21 CS subdisciplines are represented and the axis scales and color schemes remain constant throughout. Click on either graph to explore it in more detail or to grab the raw data.(NB A minority of Computer Scientists have listed a subdiscipline. I would incite e preciseone to do so.)1. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (available full-text)LDA is a means of classifying objects, such as documents, based on their underlying topics. I was surprised to see this paper as number one instead of Shannons information theory paper (7) or the paper describing the concept that became Google (3). It turns out that interest in this paper is very unwavering among those who list artificial intelligence as their su bdiscipline. In fact, AI researchers contributed the majority of readership to 6 out of the top 10 papers. Presumably, those interested in favorite topics such as machine learning list themselves under AI, which explains the strength of this subdiscipline, whereas papers like the Mapreduce one or the Google paper appeal to a broad(a) range of subdisciplines, giving those papers a smaller numbers spread across more subdisciplines. Professor Blei is also a bit of a superstar, so that didnt hurt. (the irony of a manually-categorized list with an LDA paper at the top has not escaped us)2. MapReduce Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters (available full-text)Its no surprise to see this in the Top 10 either, given the huge appeal of this parallelization technique for breaking down huge computations into easily viable and recombinable chunks. The importance of the monolithic Big Iron supercomputer has been on the wane for decades. The interesting thing about this paper is that ha d some of the lowest readership scores of the top papers within a subdiscipline, but folks from across the entire spectrum of computer science are study it. This is perhaps expected for such a habitual purpose technique, but given the above its strange that there are no AI readers of this paper at all.3. The Anatomy of a large hypertextual search engine (available full-text)In this paper, Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page discuss how Google was created and how it initially worked. This is another paper that has high readership across a broad swath of disciplines, including AI, but wasnt dominated by any one discipline. I would expect that the largest share of readers have it in their library mostly out of curiosity rather than sway relevance to their research. Its a fascinating piece of history related to something that has now become part of our every day lives.4. Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant KeypointsThis paper was new to me, although Im sure its no t new to many of you. This paper describes how to identify objects in a video stream without bear on to how near or far away they are or how theyre oriented with respect to the camera. AI again drove the popularity of this paper in large part and to understand why, think Augmented Reality. AR is the futuristic idea most familiar to the average sci-fi enthusiast as Terminator-vision. Given the strong interest in the topic, AR could be closer than we think, but well probably use it to layer Groupon deals over shops we pass by instead of building unbeatable fighting machines.5. Reinforcement Learning An Introduction (available full-text)This is another machine learning paper and its presence in the top 10 is primarily due to AI, with a small contribution from folks listing neural networks as their discipline, most likely due to the paper being published in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. Reinforcement learning is essentially a technique that borrows from biology, where the beha vior of an intelligent agent is is controlled by the amount of positive stimuli, or reinforcement, it receives in an surround where there are many different interacting positive and negative stimuli. This is how well teach the robots behaviors in a human fashion, before they rise up and destroy us.6. Toward the adjoining generation of recommender systems a survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions (available full-text)Popular among AI and information retrieval researchers, this paper discusses recommendation algorithms and classifies them into collaborative, content-based, or hybrid. While I wouldnt call this paper a groundbreaking event of the caliber of the Shannon paper above, I drop certainly understand why it makes such a strong showing here. If youre using Mendeley, youre using both collaborative and content-based discovery methods7. A Mathematical Theory of Communication (available full-text)Now were endorse to more fundamental papers. I would really have expe cted this to be at least number 3 or 4, but the strong showing by the AI discipline for the machine learning papers in spots 1, 4, and 5 pushed it down. This paper discusses the theory of sending communications down a noisy channel and demonstrates a few key engineering parameters, such as entropy, which is the range of states of a given communication. Its one of the more fundamental papers of computer science, founding the field of information theory and enabling the development of the very tubes through which you received this weather vane page youre reading now. Its also the first place the word bit, short for binary digit, is found in the published literature.8. The semantic Web (available full-text)In The Semantic Web, Tim Berners-Lee, Sir Tim, the inventor of the World Wide Web, describes his vision for the web of the future. Now, 10 years later, its fascinating to look back though it and see on which points the web has delivered on its promise and how far away we still remai n in so many others. This is different from the other papers above in that its a descriptive piece, not primary research as above, but still deserves its place in the list and readership will only go up as we get ever closer to his vision.9. Convex Optimization (available full-text)This is a very popular book on a widely used optimization technique in signal processing. Convex optimization tries to find the provably optimal solution to an optimization problem, as opposed to a nearby maximum or minimum. While this seems like a highly specialized niche area, its of importance to machine learning and AI researchers, so it was able to kink in a nice readership on Mendeley. Professor Boyd has a very popular set of video classes at Stanford on the subject, which probably gave this a petite boost, as well. The point here is that print publications arent the only way of communicating your ideas. Videos of techniques at SciVee or JoVE or recorded lectures (previously) can really economi c aid spread awareness of your research.10. Object recognition from local scale-invariant features (available in full-text)This is another paper on the same topic as paper 4, and its by the same author. Looking across subdisciplines as we did here, its not surprising to see two related papers, of interest to the main driving discipline, appear twice. Adding the readers from this paper to the 4 paper would be enough to put it in the 2 spot, just below the LDA paper.Conclusions So whats the moral of the story? Well, there are a few things to note. First of all, it shows that Mendeley readership data is good enough to reveal both papers of long-standing importance as well as interesting forthcoming trends. Fun stuff can be done with this How about a Mendeley leaderboard? You could grab the number of readers for each paper published by members of your group, and have some friendly competition to see who can get the most readers, month-over-month. Comparing yourself against others in te rms of readers per paper could put a big smile on your face, or it could be a gentle nudge to get out to more conferences or maybe record a video of your technique for JoVE or Khan Academy or just Youtube.Another thing to note is that these results dont necessarily mean that AI researchers are the most prestigious researchers or the most numerous, just the best at being accounted for. To make sure youre counted properly, be sure you list your subdiscipline on your profile, or if you cant find your exact one, pick the closest one, like the machine learning folks did with the AI subdiscipline. We recognize that almost everyone does interdisciplinary work these days. Were working on a more flexible discipline assignment system, but for now, just pick your favorite one.These stats were derived from the entire readership history, so they do study a founder effect to some degree. Limiting the analysis to the past 3 months would probably reveal different trends and comparing month-to-mon th changes could reveal rising stars.